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World Ginseng PDF Print E-mail
Common Name(Scientific Name)
No. of Leaflets
Root Appearance
Origin
Korean Ginseng(Panax ginseng)
5
Human BodyKorea, Manchuria
American Hwagisam(Panax quinquefolium)
5
Spindle-shapedNorth America
Chinese Sanchiisam(Panax notoginseng)
7
Small CarrotYunnan(China)
Japanse Bamboosam(Panax japonicum)
5
BambooJapan, Yunnan(China)
Dwarf Ginseng(Panax trifolium)
3
SphericalNortheastern America
Himalayan Ginseng(Panax pseudoginseng)
5
BulbousNephal

American Ginseng

American Ginseng roots form a spindle shaped main root and a rootlet comes out from the rhizome to form another section. Generally the main root is thinner and longer than the Korean Ginseng, however rootlets are not fully developed. Although the subterranean stem is about the same length as Korean Ginseng, its hypertrophy or flesh is not substantial and the branch length ranges from 3-50 cm. On the average, there are four to five upper compound leaves in the mid-section of the branch made up of five petioles and the petioles are in needle shapes with its sides are serrated and the end of the leaf is narrow.

The color of a mature fruit is scarlet and there are one to three seeds inside the berry. To discern the Korean Ginseng, Korean Ginseng has a smooth texture and easier to chew with its own unique strong smell. However, American Ginseng doesn't break apart easily when chewed and the texture is highly fiberous and tastes like raw medicine.

Chinese Ginseng

Form: The root is overall straight with bumps on its main root. It is dark and it is in a baby carrot shape and about three to four centimeters long. The subterranean stem is short and straight with oval, obovoid, or needle shaped petioles. In the middle of the branch is three to four upper compound leaves made up of five to seven petioles. It is called "sanchiisam" because it has seven petioles on a single compound leaf. The fruit is oblong and when matured it is red and has two seeds inside.

Japanese Ginseng

Form: Subterranean stem grows horizontal and it is called "bamboosam" because it has short joints like bamboos. The branch has an upper compound leaf in the middle with five petioles and the peduncles stem from the top of the branch with several Ginseng inflorescences on a single peduncle.

Dewarf ginseng

The dwarf ginseng is extremely small spherical roots and Himalayan ginseng with its round irregular and bulbous branches off the main roots are not harvested for medicinal purposes.
 
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